PFAS are a diverse group of man-made chemicals that are resistant to heat, water, and oil. The most prominent PFAS include perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). PFAS have been detected at concentrations above state standards and EPA Health Advisory Levels in public water systems throughout the United States. PFAS are ubiquitous and have been historically produced for widespread uses such as fire-fighting foams, carpeting, apparel, and metal plating. PFAS are likely to be found at refineries, military bases, airports, landfills, sludge/biosolids land application sites, fire training facilities, rail yards, chemical facilities, plating facilities, and semiconductor manufacturing facilities.

An increasing number of studies indicate PFAS are widespread globally. Their persistence and ability to transport are becoming an increasing area of concern. Because of this, demand for PFAS testing and analysis has increased. PFAS are also ubiquitous, which presents both a sampling challenge and an important consideration in source attribution by regulators.

This presentation will provide an overview of some of the different issues associated with PFAS including the following: history and sources of PFAS; regulatory status; the unique chemistry of PFAS, including precursors; types of AFFF; sampling and analytical challenges; and remediation challenges.

Primary Author / Conference Presenter:
Elizabeth Denly
Technical Director
TRC Solutions
Lowell, Massachusetts, USA

Co-Authors:
Jenny Phillips, TRC, Fort Collins CO, USA
Amy Wilson, TRC, Concord, CA, USA